ABSTRACT
Carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) is closely associated with the decline of cognitive function in the elderly, which can lead to persistent or progressive cognitive function and neurological dysfunction. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is considered to be an intervenable disease. Studies have shown that CAS is one of the main causes of VCI. Further study on the relationship between CAS and VCI will help to better prevention and treatment of VCI.
ABSTRACT
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can provide information of local or systemic inflammation and immune status. With the increasing attention to the role of inflammatory and immune factors in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), it is very important to find new serum inflammatory markers for early identification and intervention of VCI. This article reviews the related research on NLR, VCI and their risk factors, expounds the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of VCI, and provides help for the diagnosis and prevention of VCI.
ABSTRACT
Estrogen is an important hormone secreted by the female reproductive system. Its main function is associated with reproduction, growth and development. Studies have shown that estrogen has biological functions such as regulating vasoconstriction, antioxidant stress, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection, and also affects brain structure and network. Studies have shown that estrogen is closely associated with the occurrence and development of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). This article reviews the relationship between estrogen and menopausal hormone replacement therapy and WMHs, and their possible pathophysiological mechanisms.